Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Clinical Study
Association of the Preoperative Neutrophil-to-ymphocyte Count Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Count Ratio with Clinicopathological Characteristics in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Sang Mi Kim, Eun Heui Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Jong Ho Kim, Su Bin Park, Yoon Jeong Nam, Kang Hee Ahn, Min Young Oh, Won Jin Kim, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Yong Ki Kim, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(4):494-501. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.4.494

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Background

Several inflammatory biomarkers, especially a high preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte count ratio (PLR), are known to be indicator of poor prognosis in several cancers. However, very few studies have evaluated the significance of the NLR and PLR in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We evaluated the association of the preoperative NLR and PLR with clinicopathological characteristics in patients with PTC.

Methods

This study included 1,066 female patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC. Patients were stratified into 4 quartiles by preoperative NLR and PLR. And the combination of preoperative NLR and PLR was calculated on the basis of data obtained value of tertile as follows: patients with both an elevated PLR and an elevated NLR were allocated a score of 2, and patients showing one or neither were allocated a score of 1 or 0, respectively.

Results

The preoperative NLR and PLR were significantly lower in patients aged ≥45 years and in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The PLR was significantly higher in patients with tumor size >1 cm (P=0.021).When the patients were categorized into the aforementioned four groups, the group with the higher preoperative PLR was found to have a significantly increased incidence of lateral lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P=0.018). However, there are no significant association between the combination of preoperative NLR and PLR and prognostic factors in PTC patients.

Conclusion

These results suggest that a preoperative high PLR were significant associated with lateral LNM in female patients with PTC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Preoperative serum inflammation-based scores in medullary thyroid cancer
Ana Abrantes Figueiredo, Susana Esteves, Margarida Maria Moura, Pedro Marques, Joana Simões-Pereira, Valeriano Leite
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Preoperative serum inflammation-based scores in medullary thyroid cancer
Ana Abrantes Figueiredo, Susana Esteves, Margarida Maria Moura, Pedro Marques, Joana Simões-Pereira, Valeriano Leite
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Preoperative systemic inflammatory markers as prognostic factors in differentiated thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Elena Russo, Mathilda Guizzardi, Luca Canali, Francesca Gaino, Andrea Costantino, Gherardo Mazziotti, Andrea Lania, Silvia Uccella, Luca Di Tommaso, Fabio Ferreli, Luca Malvezzi, Giuseppe Spriano, Giuseppe Mercante
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Arif Emre, Sami Akbulut, Mehmet Sertkaya, Muharrem Bitiren, Ilhami Taner Kale, Ertan Bulbuloglu, Cemil Colak
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Trends in white blood cell and platelet indices in a comparison of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and multinodular goiter do not permit differentiation between the conditions
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Evaluation of Hemocytometer Parameters as Potential Biomarkers in Benign Multinodular Goiter and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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International Journal of Thyroidology.2017; 10(2): 89. CrossRef
Association of Baseline Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Clinicopathological Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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International Journal of Endocrinology.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
Association of the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios with lymph node metastasis and recurrence in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma
Ke Jiang, Jianyong Lei, Wenjie Chen, Yanping Gong, Han Luo, Zhihui Li, Rixiang Gong, Jingqiang Zhu
Medicine.2016; 95(40): e5079. CrossRef
Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and differentiated thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis
Ji-Feng Liu, Luo Ba, Hong Lv, Dan Lv, Jin-Tao Du, Xiao-Mei Jing, Ning-Jing Yang, Shao-Xin Wang, Chao Li, Xiao-Xia Li
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Obesity and Metabolism
Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis: Predisposing Factors and Outcome: Min Ju Kim, Ju Young Han, Jun Young Shin, Shin Il Kim, Jeong Min Lee, Seongbin Hong, So Hun Kim, Moon Suk Nam, Yong Seong Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(1):78-83. Published online March 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.1.78

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Metformin is considered the first choice oral treatment for type 2 diabetes patients in the absence of contraindications. Rarely, life-threatening complications associated with metformin treatment are seen in some patients with underlying diseases. The aim of this study was to further investigate the clinical profiles and risk factors for metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) and the treatment modalities according to survival.

Methods

To identify MALA, we performed a retrospective study in seven diabetic patients who were taking metformin and had been diagnosed with lactic acidosis at Inha University Hospital between 1995 and 2012. For each patient, we recorded the age, sex, daily metformin dosage, laboratory test results, admission diagnosis, and risk factors. Also, concurrent conditions, treatment modalities, and outcomes were evaluated.

Results

Six patients had risk factors for lactic acidosis before admission. All patients had renal impairment on admission as a precipitating risk factor. Five patients survived and two patients died despite early renal replacement therapy. Older patients tended to have a poorer prognosis.

Conclusion

Renal function must be monitored in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with underlying diseases and conditions causing renal impairment who begin metformin treatment. Accurate recognition of MALA and initiation of renal replacement are essential for treatment.

Citations

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Case Reports

Thyroid
Co-Occurrence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma in a Patient with Long-Standing Hashimoto Thyroiditis: Yoon Jeong Nam, Bo Hyun Kim, Seong Keun Lee, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Woo Jin Jung, Dong Hwahn Kahng, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(4):341-345. Published online December 12, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.4.341

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common affliction of the thyroid gland, accounting for 70% to 80% of all thyroid cancers, whereas mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the thyroid gland is uncommon. The simultaneous occurrence of both malignancies is extremely rare. We report the case of a patient with both PTC and MALT lymphoma in the setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis. An 81-year-old female patient was first admitted with goiter and hoarseness, which was attributed to an ultrasonographic thyroid nodule. Subsequent fine-needle aspirate, interpreted as suspicious of papillary thyroid cancer, prompted total thyroidectomy. MALT lymphoma was an incidental postsurgical finding, coexisting with PTC in the setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Although the development of MALT lymphoma is very rare, patients with longstanding Hashimoto thyroiditis should undergo careful surveillance for both malignancies.

Citations

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Two lymphoma histotypes and papillary thyroid carcinoma coexisting on Hashimoto ground: a case report and review of the literature
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A Case of Adrenal Cystic Pheochromocytoma with Contralateral Adrenocortical Adenoma Causing Subclinical Cushing's Syndrome.: Chang Jun Park, Joo Wan Seo, Hyeog Gyu Seoung, Jung Hee Koh, Yong Jae Lee, Bo Hyun Kim, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(4):323-328. Published online December 20, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.4.323

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Abstract PDF

Bilateral adrenal neoplasms are associated with metastatic cancer, pheochromocytoma and lymphoma. The coexistence of a unilateral functioning adrenocortical adenoma with contralateral pheochromocytoma is extremely rare. A 52-year-old woman complained of fatigue, headache, palpitation, and progressive weight gain. Hormonal assessment demonstrated high 24 hours urine epinephrine, norepinephrine, and free cortisol. A dexamethasone suppression test (overnight 1 mg, low dose 2 mg) showed insuppressible cortisol. Computerized tomographic scanning revealed a bilateral adrenal tumor. To preserve adrenal function, right adrenalectomy along with left adrenal tumorectomy was performed. Histological finding of the right adrenal tumor was pheochromocytoma and the left adrenal tumor was adrenocortical adenoma. This patient was the first case of a functional adrenocortical adenoma with contralateral cystic pheochromocytoma in Korea. We report the case with a review of the literature.

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A Case of Bilateral ACTH-independent Adrenal Adenomas with Cushing's Syndrome Treated by Ipsilateral Total and Contralateral Partial Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Seung Ah Park, Dong min Jung, Soon young Kim, Nan Young Choi, Tae-jun Kim, Yong kyun Kim, Seong kyun Na, Chul Sik Kim, Seong Jin Lee, Sung-Hee Ihm, Jun Goo Kang
The Korean Journal of Obesity.2013; 22(4): 254. CrossRef

A Case of Actinomycotic Thyroiditis in an Adult with Piriform Sinus Fistula.: Hyun Ju Choi, Bo Won Kim, Min Ji Shin, Bo Kwang Choi, Ji Hyun Kang, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(3):222-226. Published online September 19, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.3.222

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Acute suppurative thyroiditis is an uncommon infectious thyroid disease affecting mainly children and young adults. The route of infection is frequently a pyriform sinus fistula. The major pathogens responsible for acute bacterial suppurative thyroiditis are the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. In contrast, Actinomyces species are a very rare cause of acute suppurative thyroiditis. We experienced a case of a 23-year-old man who has presented general weakness and neck pain. Thyroid ultrasonography showed an ill-defined area of heterogeneous hypoechogenicity in the left lobe of the thyroid gland. Histologic examination by fine needle aspiration demonstrated gram-positive, filamentous-like organisms with branching hyphae and characteristic sulfur granules. Barium esophagogram showed a linear barium-filled track at the left pyriform sinus. We report a case of actinomycotic thyroiditis in a young adult with pyriform sinus fistula along with a brief review of related literature.

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A Case of Pyriform Sinus Fistula Concurrent with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a 72-Year-Old Patient
Yun Young Jung, Dongbin Ahn, Heejin Kim, Jin Ho Sohn
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2015; 58(1): 48. CrossRef

A Case of Ectopic Thyroid Tissue Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration in the Lateral Neck.: Kyung Nam Lee, Sang Mi Kim, Jin Hee Choi, Kwang Duck Ryu, Bo Won Kim, Min Ji Shin, Bo Hyun Kim, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(3):217-221. Published online September 19, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.3.217

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Ectopic thyroid glands generally occur in the midline as a result of abnormal median migration and their presence in lateral to the midline is rare. Embryologically, the thyroid gland is derived from two anlages: a large median endodermal anlage and two lateral anlages. The median anlage produces most of the thyroid parenchyma, whereas the lateral anlage is derived from the fourth pharyngeal pouch and contributes 1-30% of the thyroid weight. In rare cases, failure of the lateral anlage to fuse with the median anlage can result in lateral ectopic thyroid gland. For many years, lateral, aberrant thyroid tissue in adults was a term used almost exclusively for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. However, aberrant, benign ectopic thyroid tissue rarely occurs. We present a 47-year-old man who had incidentally detected mass on the right lateral neck. He was clinically in a euthyroid status and the thyroid function test results were normal as well. Neck ultrasonography revealed a mild diffuse goiter and a 1.22 x 0.65 cm sized ovoid mass like lesion was located in the right level IV of the neck. The result of fine needle aspiration cytology was adenomatous goiter without lymphoid tissue or any malignancy. We rarely report aberrant, benign ectopic thyroid presence as a lateral neck mass.

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Ectopic Thyroid Mimicking Lymph Node Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer
Min Young Cho, Dong Young Kim
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2023; 66(6): 417. CrossRef
A Case of Lateral Ectopic Thyroid Mimicking the Metastatic Lymphadenopathy
Seung Ho Kim, Jung Heob Sohn, Jung Yeon Kim
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2019; 62(10): 588. CrossRef

A Case of Bilateral Struma Ovarii Combined with Subclinical Hyperthyroidism.: Sang Mi Kim, Bo Kwang Choi, Ji Hyun Kang, Mi Ra Kim, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(1):72-76. Published online March 1, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.1.72

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Struma ovarii is a rare monodermal variant of ovarian teratoma accounting for only 2% of all mature teratomas. To be classified as a struma ovarii, teratoma must be composed predominantly of mature thyroid tissue (> 50%). This tumor is generally benign, although malignant transformation has been reported. Struma ovarii occur mostly as unilateral cases, so bilateral cases are quite rare (less than 6% of cases). Struma ovarii occur largely without symptoms or are accompanied by non-specific symptoms, such as abdominal pain, a palpable abdominal mass, and abdominal distension. The preoperative diagnosis is generally difficult. The incidence of hyperthyroidism has been reported to be 5-10% of patients with struma ovarii. Thus, cases of functional bilateral struma ovarii are very rare. We report a case of bilateral struma ovarii with subclinical thyrotoxicosis and a diffuse goiter, mimicking a malignant ovarian tumor, and include a brief review of related literature.

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Benign Teratoma of the Thyroid Gland
Chan Young Oak, Hee Kyung Kim, Tae Mi Yoon, Sang Chul Lim, Hyun Bum Park, Hyung Chul Park, Min Gui Han, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2013; 28(2): 144. CrossRef
Metastatic follicular struma ovarii complicating pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature
Woohyung Lee, Nam-Joon Yi, Hyeyoung Kim, Youngrok Choi, Minsu Park, Geun Hong, June Young Choi, Hyun Hoon Chung, Kwang-Woong Lee, Do-Joon Park, Hye Sook Min, June-key Chung, Kyung-Suk Suh
Korean Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.2012; 16(3): 123. CrossRef

Thyroid Dysfunction Induced by Metastatic Thyroid Cancer: Report of Two Cases.: Kang Hee Ahn, Bo Kyung Choi, Won Jin Kim, Bo Gwang Choi, Yun Kyung Jeon, Sang Soo Kim, Soo Hyung Lee, Bo Hyun Kim, Yong Ki Kim, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(4):370-373. Published online December 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.4.370

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Abstract PDF: Metastases to the thyroid gland are not frequently observed in clinical practice, although an overall incidence of secondary thyroid malignant tumors has been reported to range from 1.25% to 24% in autopsy series. Generally, patients with metastatic thyroid cancer present with euthyroidism and they do not develop thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunctions, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, rarely occur in patients with metastatic thyroid cancer. We describe here a case of hypothyroidism induced by thyroid metastasis from cancer of an unknown primary site in a 53-year-old man and another case of thyrotoxicosis induced by thyroid metastasis from lung cancer in a 65-year-old man.

Original Article

Alanine Aminotransferase as a Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome in Koreans.: Ji Hae Kwon, Yong Seong An, Yang Ho Kang, Seok Man Son, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):404-412. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.404

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AIMS: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is associated with insulin resistance, and is independent of the general metabolic measures. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is regarded as a predictor of diabetes mellitus. We analyzed which of ALT or GGT is better tool to preestimate the development of metabolic syndrome. METHOD: A total of 1203 Koreans who visited the Institute of Health in Pusan National University Hospital from January 2005 to August 2006 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Their median age was 51 years old, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 16.4% (n = 197). We excluded the subjects with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and viral hepatitis or those subjects with a level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or gamma-glutamyltransferase (r-GGT) > 80 IU/L. RESULTS: For all the patients in the metabolic syndrome group, the median homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the waist circumference, the fasting blood glucose level, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were all associated with the ALT level (P < 0.05). For the nonmetabolic syndrome group, all the metabolic risk factors were associated with the ALT level (P < 0.05). On logistic regression analysis, after correction for age, alcohol intake, HOMA-IR and body mass index, the logALT maintained a highly predictive value for metabolic syndrome, and this was better than the logGGT [odds ratio (OR) of logALT: 18.489, odds ratio of logGGT: 2.024] (P < 0.001). The risk of developing metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in the above 50 percentile and the above 75 percentile of ALT than in the lowest quartile. [for men - OR: 3.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.2-5.9; OR: 6.9; 95% CI: 4.3-10.9] [for women - OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.5-4.7; OR: 6.5; 95% CI: 3.8-11] (P < 0.001). The cut-off value of ALT by the ROC curve was 24 IU/L for men (sensitivity: 64.3%, specificity: 66%, negative predictive value: 99.5%) and 20 IU/L for women (sensitivity: 78.9%, specificity: 61.4%, negative predictive value: 84.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Even although patients can have an ALT level that's included within the upper normal level, we may consider the probability that these patients will have metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, in our analysis, the ALT level is a better predictor of metabolic syndrome than the GGT level.

Citations

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Nutritional Status of Hypertensive Men in Gyeongnam Area
Hae-Jin Park, Ye-Ji Choi, Sung-Hee Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2016; 26(4): 297. CrossRef
Risks of borderline liver enzyme abnormalities to the incidence of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus: a 7 year follow up study of workers
Jin-Hyun Yu, Jin-Seok Kim, Mee-Ra Lee, Seong-Yong Yoon, Seong-Yong Cho, Seung-Hyun Yoo, Boo-Il Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Risk Factors of Elderly Residents in Andong Rural Area 2. Based on the Biochemical Measurements and Nutrient Intakes
Hye-Sang Lee, Chong-Suk Kwon
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2010; 39(10): 1459. CrossRef

Case Reports

A Case of an Adrenal Hemangioma Mimicking a Pancreatic Tail Tumor.: Yun kyong Jeon, Ji Ryang Kim, Yong Seong An, Ji Hae Kwon, Yang Ho Kang, Seok Man Son, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(1):62-65. Published online February 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.1.62

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Abstract PDF: Adrenal hemangiomas are rare non-functioning tumors that originate from the retroperitoneal organs. They are generally asymptomatic, and are usually discovered at autopsy. In 1955, Johnson and Jeppensen reported the first case of a surgically removed adrenal hemangioma. We report a case of adrenal hemangioma that mimicked a pancreatic tail tumor, as detected by computed tomography. We made a diagnosis of an adrenal hemangioma from endoscopic ultrasonography and confirmed the diagnosis following a laparascopic adrenalectomy. If one is suspicious of an adrenal hemangioma, one needs to assess the lesion from every aspect. With the advancement of diagnostic techniques in arteriography, ultrasound, and computed tomography, the frequency of preoperative recognition and diagnosis is on the increase. Still, it is difficult to diagnose an adrenal hemangioma just from an imaging study. One should consider performing surgery for removal of the tumor to rule out a malignancy, and to prevent traumatic rupture. With the case presentation, we review the clinical, radiographic, and pathological features of adrenal hemangiomas.

A Case of Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the Pelvic Retroperitoneum with Hypoglycemia.: Ji Ryang Kim, Yun Kyung Jeun, Kee Tae Park, Yang Ho Kang, Seok Man Son, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim, Kyung Un Choi, Kwang Jae Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(6):440-445. Published online December 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.6.440

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Abstract PDF: Hypoglycemia caused by a non-islet cell tumor (NICT) is a rare condition. The mechanism of NICT-induced hypoglycemia is still unclear, but insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) has been thought to play a major role in its development. NICT is usually of mesenchymal or epithelial cell origin, but reports on NICT of an endothelial cell origin, which causes hypoglycemia, have yet to surface. Here, we report on a case of a 63-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma-induced hypoglycemia. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a borderline malignant vascular tumor that is of endothelial cell origin and usually occurs in soft tissue, skin, lung, and liver. It was observed that serum insulin, C-peptide, and IGF-I were reduced, but the IGF-II level was elevated in hypoglycemia. The PET-CT showed no abnormal glucose metabolism in the tumor. Dextrose fluid was administered to the patient to control hypoglycemia until the operation. For treatment and diagnosis, surgical resection of the tumor and total hysterectomy were performed. The specimen was noted to have epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Hypoglycemia-related symptoms disappeared after surgical resection was performed.

A Case of Thyroid MALT Lymphoma without Autoimmune Thyroiditis.: Ok Nyu Kong, Sang Hyen Joo, Sun Hye Shin, Min Ah Na, Jun Hyeop An, Yang Ho Kang, Do Youn Park, Seok Man Son, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(3):268-272. Published online June 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.3.268

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Abstract PDF

A primary thyroid lymphoma is rare among all types of thyroid malignancy. Usually, a thyroid lymphoma is associated with underlying chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Recently, we experienced a primary thyroid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma, with an incidental micropapillary thyroid carcinoma, but lacking evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis. A female patient visited our hospital for further evaluation of a rapidly enlarging, painless thyroid mass which had been stable for 8 years. Lymphocytic thyroiditis or a lymphoma was suspected from fine needle aspiration performed at another hospital. The thyroid function test and other routine laboratory tests were normal. The histopathological findings after a total thyroidectomy revealed a MALT lymphoma with a micropapillary thyroid carcinoma. There was no evidence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case report of a MALT lymphoma arising from the thyroid gland without evidence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in Korea

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Primary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma of Thyroid with the Serial Ultrasound Findings
Eon Ju Jeon, Ho Sang Shon, Eui Dal Jung
Case Reports in Endocrinology.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Jong Ryeal Hahm
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2012; 32(4): 219. CrossRef

A Case of Adrenal Insufficiency Associated with Antiphopholipid Syndrome with SLE.: Sun Hye Shin, Jung Hee Kim, Jung Min Son, Jeong Su Kim, Min Ah Na, Yang Ho Kang, Ok Nyu Kong, Seok Dong Yoo, Seok Man Son, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(5):542-545. Published online October 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is autoimmune disease that often develops antiphopholipid syndrome (APS). Lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies are the hallmarks of APS. The hypercoagulable state in APS may lead to adrenal vein thrombosis, and subsquently lead to hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal gland. Adrenal hemorrhage is a very rare complication of APS. Although there have been some reports about adrenal hemorrhage associated with primary APS, adrenal hemorrhage associated secondary APS in SLE has not yet been reported. We describe the adrenal hemorrhage associated with secondary APS in SLE, and the patient which complained of general weakeness, nausea, vomiting and diffuse abdominal pain. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hemorrhage, of both renal glands, and clinical features and immunological studies were consistent with APS in SLE. The acute adrenal insufficiency was much improved after the patient was treated with glucocorticoids

Review Article

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Women Health.: In Ju Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2001;16(4-5):413-421. Published online October 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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